Germany Electricity Grid
January 1 – November 30, 2024 vs 2025
Data coverage: 335 days (2024), 334 days (2025)
1. Carbon Intensity
Extreme Days
| Metric | 2024 | Date | 2025 | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lowest Carbon Intensity | 145.5 g | Sep 27, 2024 | 111.3 g | Oct 04, 2025 |
| Highest Carbon Intensity | 589.1 g | Jan 11, 2024 | 559.6 g | Feb 02, 2025 |
| Highest Fossil % | 66.1% | Jan 11, 2024 | 65.8% | Feb 02, 2025 |
| Lowest Fossil % | 14.7% | Sep 27, 2024 | 10.7% | Oct 04, 2025 |
Days Below Thresholds
| Threshold | 2024 | 2025 | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
| < 200 gCO₂eq/kWh | 24 | 37 | 13 |
| < 250 gCO₂eq/kWh | 83 | 91 | 8 |
| < 300 gCO₂eq/kWh | 144 | 143 | -1 |
2. Production vs Consumption Carbon Intensity
Production CI is 40.7g higher than consumption CI in 2024 (33.3g in 2025). This means Germany's electricity imports are significantly cleaner than domestic production, reducing the effective carbon footprint of consumed electricity.
3. Electricity Price
Correlation coefficient: -0.82 (2024), -0.89 (2025). This strong negative correlation confirms that higher renewable generation leads to lower electricity prices.
Price Extremes
| Metric | 2024 | Date | 2025 | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Highest Price | €231.2 | Nov 06, 2024 | €231.6 | Jan 20, 2025 |
| Lowest Price | €0.4 | May 01, 2024 | €-0.4 | Oct 04, 2025 |
Price Volatility (Coefficient of Variation %)
Negative Price Events
| Year | Negative Price Days | Lowest Price | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 0 | — | — |
| 2025 | 1 | €-0.4 | Oct 04, 2025 |
4. Renewable & Carbon-Free Energy
Days Above Thresholds
| Threshold | 2024 | 2025 | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
| ≥ 50% renewable | 287 | 264 | -23 |
| ≥ 60% renewable | 198 | 194 | -4 |
| ≥ 70% renewable | 89 | 100 | 11 |
| ≥ 80% renewable | 8 | 22 | 14 |
5. Cross-Border Electricity Flows
France remains the largest import source (16.3 TWh) with the cleanest power at just 40g CO₂/kWh. Norway provides 6.19 TWh at 42.4g. Meanwhile, Germany exports to Poland (8.01 TWh) at 361.2g.
2025 Trade Partners (by Net Flow)
IMPORTS (green) | EXPORTS (red) — with average carbon intensity
6. Electricity Mix
Production Mix (Domestic Generation)
2024 Production
2025 Production
Consumption Mix (Flow-Traced)
2024 Consumption
2025 Consumption
Germany's domestic production shows 0% nuclear (shut down in 2023), but flow-traced consumption shows ~4.5% nuclear (18.36 TWh in 2024). This comes from French imports, demonstrating how cross-border flows impact Germany's actual energy mix.
| Source | 2024 Prod | 2024 Cons | 2025 Prod | 2025 Cons |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind | 31.5% | 28.3% | 30% | 27.4% |
| Solar | 16% | 14.3% | 18.7% | 16.4% |
| Coal | 22.9% | 20.3% | 22.4% | 20.2% |
| Gas | 14.1% | 13% | 14.5% | 14.1% |
| Nuclear | 0% | 4.5% | 0% | 3.9% |
| Hydro | 4.2% | 7.8% | 3.4% | 6.2% |
