Electricity Grid Review 2025: Belgium
January 1 - December 31, 2024 vs 2025
Data coverage: 366 days (2024), 365 days (2025)
1. Electricity Price (Day-Ahead, EUR/MWh)
Correlation coefficient: -0.66 (2024), -0.80 (2025). Strong negative correlation - higher renewable generation = lower prices, reflecting the merit order effect.
1.1 Daily Price Extremes
Based on daily average prices
| Metric | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|
| Highest Daily Avg | €277.0 (Dec 12, 2024) | €210.4 (Jan 20, 2025) |
| Lowest Daily Avg | €-15.9 (Jul 06, 2024) | €-11.4 (May 11, 2025) |
| Negative Price Days | 3 | 1 |
| Negative Price Hours | 404 | 519 |
1.2 Hourly Price Extremes
| Metric | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|
| Highest Price | €565.5 (Dec 12, 2024 16:00) | €517.6 (Jul 1, 2025 18:00) |
| Lowest Price | €-140.0 (Jul 6, 2024 13:00) | €-462.3 (May 11, 2025 11:00) |
1.3 Days by Price Range
Based on daily average prices
| Range (€/MWh) | 2024 | 2025 | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
| €0-50 | 85 | 44 | -41 |
| €51-100 | 227 | 242 | +15 |
| €101-150 | 49 | 68 | +19 |
| €151-200 | 3 | 10 | +7 |
| €201+ | 2 | 1 | -1 |
1.4 Hours by Price Range
Based on hourly prices
| Range (€/MWh) | 2024 | 2025 | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Negative | 404 | 519 | +115 |
| €0-50 | 1,893 | 1,141 | -752 |
| €51-100 | 4,624 | 4,139 | -485 |
| €101-150 | 1,635 | 2,457 | +822 |
| €151-200 | 118 | 374 | +256 |
| €201+ | 57 | 74 | +17 |
1.5 Average Price by Hour of Day
1.6 Price Distribution (Hourly)
519 hours with negative prices across 103 days. Most negative: €-462.3/MWh.
Average daily price swing: €111/MWh. Maximum single-day swing was €589/MWh on 2025-05-11 (low: €-462, high: €127).
Notable monthly evolutions
Change: +109% vs 2024
Possible explanation: The permanent shutdown of Doel 1 (445 MW) on 14 February combined with a Europe-wide Dunkelflaute (low wind period) drove prices up. Wind output fell 38% YoY while gas generation surged 93% to compensate, amid higher gas prices across NW Europe. [Data: wind: 1.4 GW (-38% YoY); gas: 2.4 GW (+93% YoY); nuclear: 3.7 GW (-5% YoY)]
1.7 Multi-Level Price Heatmap
Price Heatmap
€/MWh
hourly range: -462-518
Yearly
Monthly
Daily
Hourly
2. Load
2.1 Monthly Load
2.2 Average Load by Hour of Day
Peak demand at 10:00 (10.3 GW). Minimum at 02:00 (7.5 GW).
2.3 Weekday vs Weekend
2.4 Net Load Pattern (Duck Curve)
Evening ramp of 2.6 GW from belly (12:00) to evening peak (18:00). This requires flexible dispatchable generation or storage to meet rapidly increasing demand as solar output decreases.
2.5 Seasonal Net Load Patterns
The duck curve shape varies significantly by season due to changes in solar intensity and heating/cooling demand patterns.
Winter (Dec-Feb)
Belly: 6.5 GW @ 02:00 | Peak: 9.1 GW @ 17:00 | Ramp: 2.6 GW
Spring (Mar-May)
Belly: 4.0 GW @ 12:00 | Peak: 7.8 GW @ 18:00 | Ramp: 3.8 GW
Summer (Jun-Aug)
Belly: 3.5 GW @ 12:00 | Peak: 6.8 GW @ 19:00 | Ramp: 3.3 GW
Fall (Sep-Nov)
Belly: 5.3 GW @ 11:00 | Peak: 7.8 GW @ 17:00 | Ramp: 2.5 GW
Evening ramps are similar across seasons: winter 2.6 GW, summer 3.3 GW. The grid faces consistent ramping challenges year-round.
2.6 Peak & Minimum Demand Records (2025)
| Rank | Highest Load | Date | Lowest Load | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13220.1 GW | 2025-02-18 09:00 | 2692.1 GW | 2025-08-17 03:00 |
| 2 | 13176.3 GW | 2025-02-18 10:00 | 2778.9 GW | 2025-08-17 02:00 |
| 3 | 13139.0 GW | 2025-02-17 09:00 | 2852.6 GW | 2025-08-25 02:00 |
3. Production-Based vs Flow-Traced Carbon Intensity (gCO₂eq/kWh)
Production-based carbon intensity is 3.0g higher than flow-traced carbon intensity in 2024 (3.4g in 2025). This means Belgium's imports are cleaner than domestic production, lowering the carbon footprint of consumed electricity.
3.1 Monthly Production Mix
3.2 Production Mix (Domestic Generation)
3.3 Flow-Traced Power Mix
3.5 Power Mix Comparison
Production vs Flow-Traced consumption by source
| Source | Prod 2024 | Flow-traced 2024 | Prod 2025 | Flow-traced 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nuclear | 45.6% | 44.3% | 37.4% (-8.2pp) | 36.1% (-8.2pp) |
| Gas | 17.2% | 16.9% | 20.9% (+3.7pp) | 20.5% (+3.6pp) |
| Wind | 19.3% | 18.7% | 20.0% (+0.7pp) | 19.8% (+1.1pp) |
| Solar | 12.8% | 10.8% | 16.9% (+4.1pp) | 14.2% (+3.4pp) |
| Biomass | 4.1% | 3.9% | 4.8% (+0.7pp) | 4.5% (+0.6pp) |
| Hydro | 0.4% | 2.7% | 0.2% (-0.2pp) | 1.8% (-0.9pp) |
| Coal | 0.0% | 1.1% | 0.0% (+0.0pp) | 1.3% (+0.2pp) |
| Hydro Storage | 0.6% | 1.5% | 0.3% (-0.3pp) | 1.3% (-0.2pp) |
| Battery | 0.0% | 0.0% | -0.5% (-0.5pp) | 0.3% (+0.3pp) |
| Oil | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% (+0.0pp) | 0.0% (-0.1pp) |
3.6 Key Trend
Belgium's electricity consumption is led by ~36.1% nuclear. Solar saw the biggest growth from 10.8% to 14.2%.
4. Cross-Border Electricity Flows
Belgium imported a net 12.68 TWh in 2025.
4.1 2025 Gross Exports (Belgium → Neighbor)
Total electricity exported to each country — with average carbon intensity
4.2 2025 Gross Imports (Neighbor → Belgium)
Total electricity imported from each country — with average carbon intensity
4.3 Net Position by Neighbor (2025)
| Neighbor | Net (TWh) | Direction |
|---|---|---|
| DE | +2.92 | Net Exporter |
| GB | +2.14 | Net Exporter |
| LU | +0.88 | Net Exporter |
| FR | -8.98 | Net Importer |
| NL | -9.33 | Net Importer |
Positive = Belgium is net exporter to that neighbor. Negative = Belgium is net importer from that neighbor.
4.4 Flow Pattern by Hour of Day
Peak exports at 12:00 (-0.6 GW avg). Peak imports at 06:00 (1.9 GW avg).
5. Carbon Intensity (gCO₂eq/kWh)
5.1 Daily Records
| Metric | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|
| Lowest Carbon Intensity | 82.4 g (May 12, 2024) | 86.5 g (Sep 15, 2025) |
| Lowest Fossil % | 10.5% (May 12, 2024) | 9.8% (Sep 15, 2025) |
| Highest Carbon Intensity | 343.9 g (Nov 08, 2024) | 316.7 g (Dec 13, 2025) |
| Highest Fossil % | 58.8% (Nov 08, 2024) | 53.7% (Dec 13, 2025) |
5.2 Hourly Records
| Metric | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|
| Lowest Carbon Intensity | 51.7 g (Sep 8, 2024 07:00) | 61.5 g (Jun 10, 2025 09:00) |
| Highest Carbon Intensity | 380.2 g (Nov 8, 2024 20:00) | 376.1 g (Oct 8, 2025 03:00) |
5.3 Days Below Thresholds
| Threshold | 2024 | 2025 | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
| < 100 gCO₂eq/kWh | 43 | 8 | -35 |
| < 200 gCO₂eq/kWh | 306 | 245 | -61 |
| < 300 gCO₂eq/kWh | 358 | 357 | -1 |
5.4 Hours Below Thresholds
| Threshold | 2024 | 2025 | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
| < 100 gCO₂eq/kWh | 1,637 | 945 | -692 |
| < 200 gCO₂eq/kWh | 7,171 | 5,504 | -1667 |
| < 300 gCO₂eq/kWh | 8,529 | 8,239 | -290 |
5.5 Average Carbon Intensity by Hour of Day
5.6 Seasonal Carbon Intensity Patterns
Carbon intensity daily patterns shift with seasonal changes in renewable generation and electricity demand.
Winter (Dec-Feb)
Peak: 232 g @ 18:00 | Trough: 189 g @ 12:00 | Spread: 43 g
Spring (Mar-May)
Peak: 223 g @ 20:00 | Trough: 113 g @ 11:00 | Spread: 110 g
Summer (Jun-Aug)
Peak: 216 g @ 20:00 | Trough: 104 g @ 12:00 | Spread: 111 g
Fall (Sep-Nov)
Peak: 202 g @ 18:00 | Trough: 138 g @ 11:00 | Spread: 64 g
Summer offers the lowest carbon intensity, with midday troughs reaching 104 gCO₂/kWh—45% lower than winter. Scheduling flexible loads during seasonal low-carbon windows maximizes emission reductions.
5.7 Carbon Intensity Distribution (Hourly)
Notable monthly evolutions
Change: +48% vs Feb 2024
Possible explanation: Doel 1 permanently shut down on 14 February, and a prolonged Dunkelflaute drove wind output down 38%. Gas generation nearly doubled (+93%) to meet demand, sharply increasing emissions. [Data: wind: 1.4 GW (-38% YoY); gas: 2.4 GW (+93% YoY); nuclear: 3.7 GW (-5% YoY)]
Change: +41% vs Apr 2024
Possible explanation: Tihange 3 (1,020 MW) went offline on 5 April for its LTO overhaul, reducing nuclear output by 25%. Wind production also halved (-50%), forcing gas generation up 53% to compensate. [Data: nuclear: 2.2 GW (-25% YoY); wind: 0.95 GW (-50% YoY); gas: 1.5 GW (+53% YoY)]
Change: +62% vs Jul 2024
Possible explanation: Both Tihange 3 (offline since Apr, restarted 10 Jul) and Doel 4 (offline since 30 Jun) were unavailable for most of July during LTO overhauls, cutting nuclear output by 48%. Gas rose 42% to compensate. [Data: nuclear: 2.0 GW (-48% YoY); gas: 1.3 GW (+42% YoY); wind: 0.77 GW (-16% YoY)]
Change: +40% vs Aug 2024
Possible explanation: Doel 4 (1,039 MW) remained offline for its LTO overhaul throughout August, reducing nuclear output by 36%. Higher carbon-intensity imports compensated for the lost domestic low-carbon generation. [Data: nuclear: 2.3 GW (-36% YoY); gas: 0.85 GW (-9% YoY)]
Change: +24% vs Oct 2024
Possible explanation: Doel 4 only restarted on 8 October and Tihange 1 shut down permanently on 30 September, keeping nuclear output 26% lower YoY for most of the month. Gas generation rose 35% to fill the gap. [Data: nuclear: 2.1 GW (-26% YoY); gas: 1.4 GW (+35% YoY); wind: 1.7 GW (+58% YoY)]
1,636 hours with both low price (<€62/MWh) and low carbon intensity (<119 gCO₂eq/kWh).
5.8 Multi-Level Carbon Intensity Heatmap
Carbon Intensity Heatmap
gCO₂eq/kWh
hourly range: 62-376
Yearly
Monthly
Daily
Hourly
6. Renewable & Carbon-Free Energy (Flow-Traced)
Includes electricity exchanged with neighboring grids
6.1 Days Above Thresholds
Days with carbon-free share above threshold
| Threshold | 2024 | 2025 | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
| ≥50% carbon-free | 22 | 61 | +39 |
| ≥60% carbon-free | 0 | 5 | +5 |
| ≥70% carbon-free | 0 | 1 | +1 |
6.2 Hours Above Thresholds
Hours with carbon-free share above threshold
| Threshold | 2024 | 2025 | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
| ≥50% carbon-free | 1,382 | 2,480 | +1,098 |
| ≥60% carbon-free | 292 | 1,164 | +872 |
| ≥70% carbon-free | 20 | 197 | +177 |
6.3 Multi-Level Carbon-Free % Heatmap
Carbon-Free % Heatmap
%
hourly range: 35-94
Yearly
Monthly
Daily
Hourly
Electricity Grid Review 2025: Belgium
January 1 - December 31, 2024 vs 2025
Data coverage: 366 days (2024), 365 days (2025)
1. Electricity Price (Day-Ahead, EUR/MWh)
Correlation coefficient: -0.66 (2024), -0.80 (2025). Strong negative correlation - higher renewable generation = lower prices, reflecting the merit order effect.
1.1 Daily Price Extremes
Based on daily average prices
| Metric | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|
| Highest Daily Avg | €277.0 (Dec 12, 2024) | €210.4 (Jan 20, 2025) |
| Lowest Daily Avg | €-15.9 (Jul 06, 2024) | €-11.4 (May 11, 2025) |
| Negative Price Days | 3 | 1 |
| Negative Price Hours | 404 | 519 |
1.2 Hourly Price Extremes
| Metric | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|
| Highest Price | €565.5 (Dec 12, 2024 16:00) | €517.6 (Jul 1, 2025 18:00) |
| Lowest Price | €-140.0 (Jul 6, 2024 13:00) | €-462.3 (May 11, 2025 11:00) |
1.3 Days by Price Range
Based on daily average prices
| Range (€/MWh) | 2024 | 2025 | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
| €0-50 | 85 | 44 | -41 |
| €51-100 | 227 | 242 | +15 |
| €101-150 | 49 | 68 | +19 |
| €151-200 | 3 | 10 | +7 |
| €201+ | 2 | 1 | -1 |
1.4 Hours by Price Range
Based on hourly prices
| Range (€/MWh) | 2024 | 2025 | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Negative | 404 | 519 | +115 |
| €0-50 | 1,893 | 1,141 | -752 |
| €51-100 | 4,624 | 4,139 | -485 |
| €101-150 | 1,635 | 2,457 | +822 |
| €151-200 | 118 | 374 | +256 |
| €201+ | 57 | 74 | +17 |
1.5 Average Price by Hour of Day
1.6 Price Distribution (Hourly)
519 hours with negative prices across 103 days. Most negative: €-462.3/MWh.
Average daily price swing: €111/MWh. Maximum single-day swing was €589/MWh on 2025-05-11 (low: €-462, high: €127).
Notable monthly evolutions
Change: +109% vs 2024
Possible explanation: The permanent shutdown of Doel 1 (445 MW) on 14 February combined with a Europe-wide Dunkelflaute (low wind period) drove prices up. Wind output fell 38% YoY while gas generation surged 93% to compensate, amid higher gas prices across NW Europe. [Data: wind: 1.4 GW (-38% YoY); gas: 2.4 GW (+93% YoY); nuclear: 3.7 GW (-5% YoY)]
1.7 Multi-Level Price Heatmap
Price Heatmap
€/MWh
hourly range: -462-518
Yearly
Monthly
Daily
Hourly
2. Load
2.1 Monthly Load
2.2 Average Load by Hour of Day
Peak demand at 10:00 (10.3 GW). Minimum at 02:00 (7.5 GW).
2.3 Weekday vs Weekend
2.4 Net Load Pattern (Duck Curve)
Evening ramp of 2.6 GW from belly (12:00) to evening peak (18:00). This requires flexible dispatchable generation or storage to meet rapidly increasing demand as solar output decreases.
2.5 Seasonal Net Load Patterns
The duck curve shape varies significantly by season due to changes in solar intensity and heating/cooling demand patterns.
Winter (Dec-Feb)
Belly: 6.5 GW @ 02:00 | Peak: 9.1 GW @ 17:00 | Ramp: 2.6 GW
Spring (Mar-May)
Belly: 4.0 GW @ 12:00 | Peak: 7.8 GW @ 18:00 | Ramp: 3.8 GW
Summer (Jun-Aug)
Belly: 3.5 GW @ 12:00 | Peak: 6.8 GW @ 19:00 | Ramp: 3.3 GW
Fall (Sep-Nov)
Belly: 5.3 GW @ 11:00 | Peak: 7.8 GW @ 17:00 | Ramp: 2.5 GW
Evening ramps are similar across seasons: winter 2.6 GW, summer 3.3 GW. The grid faces consistent ramping challenges year-round.
2.6 Peak & Minimum Demand Records (2025)
| Rank | Highest Load | Date | Lowest Load | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13220.1 GW | 2025-02-18 09:00 | 2692.1 GW | 2025-08-17 03:00 |
| 2 | 13176.3 GW | 2025-02-18 10:00 | 2778.9 GW | 2025-08-17 02:00 |
| 3 | 13139.0 GW | 2025-02-17 09:00 | 2852.6 GW | 2025-08-25 02:00 |
3. Production-Based vs Flow-Traced Carbon Intensity (gCO₂eq/kWh)
Production-based carbon intensity is 3.0g higher than flow-traced carbon intensity in 2024 (3.4g in 2025). This means Belgium's imports are cleaner than domestic production, lowering the carbon footprint of consumed electricity.
3.1 Monthly Production Mix
3.2 Production Mix (Domestic Generation)
3.3 Flow-Traced Power Mix
3.5 Power Mix Comparison
Production vs Flow-Traced consumption by source
| Source | Prod 2024 | Flow-traced 2024 | Prod 2025 | Flow-traced 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nuclear | 45.6% | 44.3% | 37.4% (-8.2pp) | 36.1% (-8.2pp) |
| Gas | 17.2% | 16.9% | 20.9% (+3.7pp) | 20.5% (+3.6pp) |
| Wind | 19.3% | 18.7% | 20.0% (+0.7pp) | 19.8% (+1.1pp) |
| Solar | 12.8% | 10.8% | 16.9% (+4.1pp) | 14.2% (+3.4pp) |
| Biomass | 4.1% | 3.9% | 4.8% (+0.7pp) | 4.5% (+0.6pp) |
| Hydro | 0.4% | 2.7% | 0.2% (-0.2pp) | 1.8% (-0.9pp) |
| Coal | 0.0% | 1.1% | 0.0% (+0.0pp) | 1.3% (+0.2pp) |
| Hydro Storage | 0.6% | 1.5% | 0.3% (-0.3pp) | 1.3% (-0.2pp) |
| Battery | 0.0% | 0.0% | -0.5% (-0.5pp) | 0.3% (+0.3pp) |
| Oil | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% (+0.0pp) | 0.0% (-0.1pp) |
3.6 Key Trend
Belgium's electricity consumption is led by ~36.1% nuclear. Solar saw the biggest growth from 10.8% to 14.2%.
4. Cross-Border Electricity Flows
Belgium imported a net 12.68 TWh in 2025.
4.1 2025 Gross Exports (Belgium → Neighbor)
Total electricity exported to each country — with average carbon intensity
4.2 2025 Gross Imports (Neighbor → Belgium)
Total electricity imported from each country — with average carbon intensity
4.3 Net Position by Neighbor (2025)
| Neighbor | Net (TWh) | Direction |
|---|---|---|
| DE | +2.92 | Net Exporter |
| GB | +2.14 | Net Exporter |
| LU | +0.88 | Net Exporter |
| FR | -8.98 | Net Importer |
| NL | -9.33 | Net Importer |
Positive = Belgium is net exporter to that neighbor. Negative = Belgium is net importer from that neighbor.
4.4 Flow Pattern by Hour of Day
Peak exports at 12:00 (-0.6 GW avg). Peak imports at 06:00 (1.9 GW avg).
5. Carbon Intensity (gCO₂eq/kWh)
5.1 Daily Records
| Metric | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|
| Lowest Carbon Intensity | 82.4 g (May 12, 2024) | 86.5 g (Sep 15, 2025) |
| Lowest Fossil % | 10.5% (May 12, 2024) | 9.8% (Sep 15, 2025) |
| Highest Carbon Intensity | 343.9 g (Nov 08, 2024) | 316.7 g (Dec 13, 2025) |
| Highest Fossil % | 58.8% (Nov 08, 2024) | 53.7% (Dec 13, 2025) |
5.2 Hourly Records
| Metric | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|
| Lowest Carbon Intensity | 51.7 g (Sep 8, 2024 07:00) | 61.5 g (Jun 10, 2025 09:00) |
| Highest Carbon Intensity | 380.2 g (Nov 8, 2024 20:00) | 376.1 g (Oct 8, 2025 03:00) |
5.3 Days Below Thresholds
| Threshold | 2024 | 2025 | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
| < 100 gCO₂eq/kWh | 43 | 8 | -35 |
| < 200 gCO₂eq/kWh | 306 | 245 | -61 |
| < 300 gCO₂eq/kWh | 358 | 357 | -1 |
5.4 Hours Below Thresholds
| Threshold | 2024 | 2025 | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
| < 100 gCO₂eq/kWh | 1,637 | 945 | -692 |
| < 200 gCO₂eq/kWh | 7,171 | 5,504 | -1667 |
| < 300 gCO₂eq/kWh | 8,529 | 8,239 | -290 |
5.5 Average Carbon Intensity by Hour of Day
5.6 Seasonal Carbon Intensity Patterns
Carbon intensity daily patterns shift with seasonal changes in renewable generation and electricity demand.
Winter (Dec-Feb)
Peak: 232 g @ 18:00 | Trough: 189 g @ 12:00 | Spread: 43 g
Spring (Mar-May)
Peak: 223 g @ 20:00 | Trough: 113 g @ 11:00 | Spread: 110 g
Summer (Jun-Aug)
Peak: 216 g @ 20:00 | Trough: 104 g @ 12:00 | Spread: 111 g
Fall (Sep-Nov)
Peak: 202 g @ 18:00 | Trough: 138 g @ 11:00 | Spread: 64 g
Summer offers the lowest carbon intensity, with midday troughs reaching 104 gCO₂/kWh—45% lower than winter. Scheduling flexible loads during seasonal low-carbon windows maximizes emission reductions.
5.7 Carbon Intensity Distribution (Hourly)
Notable monthly evolutions
Change: +48% vs Feb 2024
Possible explanation: Doel 1 permanently shut down on 14 February, and a prolonged Dunkelflaute drove wind output down 38%. Gas generation nearly doubled (+93%) to meet demand, sharply increasing emissions. [Data: wind: 1.4 GW (-38% YoY); gas: 2.4 GW (+93% YoY); nuclear: 3.7 GW (-5% YoY)]
Change: +41% vs Apr 2024
Possible explanation: Tihange 3 (1,020 MW) went offline on 5 April for its LTO overhaul, reducing nuclear output by 25%. Wind production also halved (-50%), forcing gas generation up 53% to compensate. [Data: nuclear: 2.2 GW (-25% YoY); wind: 0.95 GW (-50% YoY); gas: 1.5 GW (+53% YoY)]
Change: +62% vs Jul 2024
Possible explanation: Both Tihange 3 (offline since Apr, restarted 10 Jul) and Doel 4 (offline since 30 Jun) were unavailable for most of July during LTO overhauls, cutting nuclear output by 48%. Gas rose 42% to compensate. [Data: nuclear: 2.0 GW (-48% YoY); gas: 1.3 GW (+42% YoY); wind: 0.77 GW (-16% YoY)]
Change: +40% vs Aug 2024
Possible explanation: Doel 4 (1,039 MW) remained offline for its LTO overhaul throughout August, reducing nuclear output by 36%. Higher carbon-intensity imports compensated for the lost domestic low-carbon generation. [Data: nuclear: 2.3 GW (-36% YoY); gas: 0.85 GW (-9% YoY)]
Change: +24% vs Oct 2024
Possible explanation: Doel 4 only restarted on 8 October and Tihange 1 shut down permanently on 30 September, keeping nuclear output 26% lower YoY for most of the month. Gas generation rose 35% to fill the gap. [Data: nuclear: 2.1 GW (-26% YoY); gas: 1.4 GW (+35% YoY); wind: 1.7 GW (+58% YoY)]
1,636 hours with both low price (<€62/MWh) and low carbon intensity (<119 gCO₂eq/kWh).
5.8 Multi-Level Carbon Intensity Heatmap
Carbon Intensity Heatmap
gCO₂eq/kWh
hourly range: 62-376
Yearly
Monthly
Daily
Hourly
6. Renewable & Carbon-Free Energy (Flow-Traced)
Includes electricity exchanged with neighboring grids
6.1 Days Above Thresholds
Days with carbon-free share above threshold
| Threshold | 2024 | 2025 | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
| ≥50% carbon-free | 22 | 61 | +39 |
| ≥60% carbon-free | 0 | 5 | +5 |
| ≥70% carbon-free | 0 | 1 | +1 |
6.2 Hours Above Thresholds
Hours with carbon-free share above threshold
| Threshold | 2024 | 2025 | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|
| ≥50% carbon-free | 1,382 | 2,480 | +1,098 |
| ≥60% carbon-free | 292 | 1,164 | +872 |
| ≥70% carbon-free | 20 | 197 | +177 |
6.3 Multi-Level Carbon-Free % Heatmap
Carbon-Free % Heatmap
%
hourly range: 35-94
Yearly
Monthly
Daily
Hourly
